八大詞性 句子的基本觀念 基本句型 助動詞
主動被動 時 態 (簡單式、進行式、完成式) 不規則動詞變化表
動詞補語 (不定詞與動名詞) 代名詞的格、反身代詞 不定代名詞
that-those, there-it, this-which 代名詞與先行詞的一致、代名詞的累贅
修飾語 (形容詞) 修飾語 (副詞) 分詞 介系詞
常考片語 假設語氣 否定用字 倒裝
比較 (比較級、最高級) 對等連接詞 從屬連接詞 獨立連接詞
名詞子句 形容詞子句 副詞子句 平行、一致、累贅用字
修飾語(形容詞與副詞)
形容詞的功用與位置
1. 功用:形容詞的功用是修飾名詞或當名詞的補語。
例:1. It is an important book about American history. (修飾book)
2. Food is necessary for our life. (當主詞補語)
3. The story made me sad. (當受詞me的補語)
2. 位置:形容詞常見的位置如下:
(a)adj+ N:形容用來修飾名詞通常應擺在名詞之前。
例:1. Many students are interested in practical subjects such as international trade.
(b)S+ V+ adj或S+ V+ O+ adj:此種位置是屬於補語的位置,亦即形容詞用來當作主詞補語或受詞補語。
例:1. He looks upset about the decision. (當主詞補語)
2. The oranges taste delicious. (當主詞補語)
3. Eating too much always makes me uncomfortable. (受詞補語)
4. We find it interesting to read novels. (受詞補語)
註:大部份的形容詞都可用於(a)或(b)的位置,但有一類以a為開頭的形容詞,如alike(像的),alone(單獨的),alive(活的),afraid(害怕的),awake(醒的)只能用於(2)的位置,當補語功用。
例:1. The two brothers are very much alike.
2. He was alone in the house.
(c)以~one, ~thing, ~body為結尾的名詞中,形容詞擺在這類名詞的後面。
例:1. I am looking for something cheaper.
2. There is nothing interesting about the story.
(d)n+數目 the+序數+n
例:1. Gate Five = the Fifth Gate
2. World War Two = the Second World War
(e)S+ be+ p.p.+ adj:此種結構表達主詞“被認為‥”,“被發現‥”,“被證明為‥”,故用adj當主詞補語。常用的動詞有consider, believe, think, find, prove。
例:1. He was considered innocent.
2. He was found dead in the morning.
3. The merchandise is proven dangerous.
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