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八大詞性 句子的基本觀念 基本句型 助動詞
主動被動 時 態 (簡單式、進行式、完成式) 不規則動詞變化表
動詞補語 (不定詞與動名詞) 代名詞的格、反身代詞 不定代名詞
that-those, there-it, this-which 代名詞與先行詞的一致、代名詞的累贅
修飾語 (形容詞) 修飾語 (副詞) 分詞 介系詞
常考片語 假設語氣 否定用字 倒裝
比較 (比較級、最高級) 對等連接詞 從屬連接詞 獨立連接詞
名詞子句 形容詞子句 副詞子句 平行、一致、累贅用字
基本句型
任何句子不管多長皆是一些基本句型衍生而來的，只要介定出主要子句的動詞，即可以了解該句是屬於何種基本句型。以下即針對基本句型做簡要的分析：
1. S+ Vi (完全不及物動詞句型)：不及物動詞的重點在於後面不能直接跟受詞，若要加受詞則應先加介系詞，即“S+ Vi+介系詞+受詞”。
例：1. The men are working. →The men are working in that textile factory. (紡織廠)
2. The audience laughed. →The audience laughed at him.
3. Some students were talking. →Some students were talking to their teacher.
2. S+ Vt+ O (完全及物動詞句型)：完全及物動詞的重點在於後面要直接跟受詞，不能有介系詞。
例：1. Uncle Harry wrote the book.
2. The employer and workers have reached an agreement.
3. He made a lot of money by selling stocks. (股票)
3. S+ Vt+ O+OC (不完全及物動詞句型)：此種動詞的重點在於受詞(O)後面應有形容詞或名詞來作受詞補語(OC)，語意上才算完整。語類動詞包含下列幾種意思：(a)表達“認為”，如think, consider, believe, find, regard, take, (b)表達“使‥”，如make， (c)表達“命名、稱呼”，如name, call。
例：1. All of us thought the exercise interesting.
2. We believe him a responsible person.
3. The book made him famous overnight.
4. We all call him Richard.
4. S+ Vt+ IO(間接受詞)+DO(直接受詞) 〔授與動詞句型〕：這類動詞表達“給”的意思，帶有兩個受詞，間接受詞指人或機構，直接受詞則指事物。另外，授與動詞亦可轉換為帶有介系詞的結構，即S+ Vt+ DO+ to或for+ IO。授與動詞包括give, bring, write, lend, show, send, pay, owe(欠), hand(交給) 〔上列動詞若用介系詞通常用for〕，buy, make(做給), order(點菜)，〔上列動詞介系詞用for〕
例：1. He lent me some books. →He lent some books to me.
2. David handed his father a letter. →David handed a letter to his father.
3. John bought his son a new bicycle. →John bought a new bicycle for his son.
5. S+ LV+ SC (聯輟動詞句型)：這類動詞的重點在於後面應接名詞或形容詞來當主詞補語(SC)，請注意，若接名詞則此名詞在語意上要等於主詞。聯輟動詞包括(a)be動詞，表達“是”；(b)become, grow, turn, get等動詞，表達“變成”；(c)remain, stay, keep等動詞，表達“仍然”；(d)seem, appear, look等動詞，表達“似乎”；(e)feel, taste, smell, sound等感官動詞。
例：1. He finally became a millionaire.
2. Despite the danger, they remained calm(冷靜的).
3. The students appeared confused. (confused為過去分詞當形容詞)
4. The music sounds sweet.
重點思索：關於基本句型一定要掌握住動詞後面跟甚麼結構，這也是每次必考的重點，尤其要特別熟悉句型3、4、5三種。
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